Fundão Climate: A Detailed Look at Weather Patterns and Normals
Fundão is characterized by a Mediterranean climate, classified under the Köppen system as Csa. This specific climate type is defined by a distinct seasonal divide, featuring hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. Situated at an altitude of 495 meters (1,624 ft), the region experiences a range of temperatures and precipitation levels that shape its local environment.
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Key Facts
- Climate Classification: Mediterranean (Köppen Csa).
- Altitude: 495 meters (1,624 ft).
- Temperature Extremes: Record highs have reached 42.3°C (108.1°F), while record lows have dipped to -8.1°C (17.4°F).
- Annual Rainfall: Average annual precipitation ranges between 821.5 mm and 842.9 mm depending on the reference period.
- Sunshine: The region is highly sunny, with annual totals reaching approximately 2,614.6 hours.
Seasonal Weather Patterns
Summer: Hot and Dry
Summers in Fundão are characterized by high temperatures and minimal rainfall. July and August are typically the hottest months, with mean daily maximums often exceeding 30°C (86°F). During this period, precipitation is at its lowest; for instance, July has seen average rainfall as low as 5.7 mm (0.22 inches) in recent normals. This period also sees the highest amount of sunshine, peaking in July with an average of 347.2 hours.
Winter: Cool and Rainy
Winters bring a shift toward cooler temperatures and increased moisture. December and January are among the coldest months, with mean daily minimums frequently dropping toward 2.5°C to 3.8°C. Rainfall increases significantly during this season, with November and December often recording the highest precipitation levels, sometimes exceeding 120 mm per month.
Spring and Autumn: Transitional Periods
The transitional seasons provide a moderate bridge between the extremes. Spring (March to May) sees a steady rise in temperature and a gradual decrease in rainfall. Autumn (September to November) marks the return of rainy conditions and a cooling trend from the summer peaks.
Climate Data Comparison
Data provided by the Instituto de Meteorologia shows a comparison between the 1971–2000 and 1991–2020 normals. While the general Mediterranean pattern remains constant, there are slight shifts in mean temperatures and precipitation days.
| Metric (Annual Average) | 1971–2000 Normals | 1991–2020 Normals |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Daily Maximum Temp | 20.1°C (68.2°F) | 20.9°C (69.6°F) |
| Mean Daily Minimum Temp | 8.7°C (47.7°F) | 9.0°C (48.2°F) |
| Average Annual Rainfall | 842.9 mm (33.17 in) | 821.5 mm (32.35 in) |
| Record High Temperature | 40.0°C (104.0°F) | 42.3°C (108.1°F) |
| Record Low Temperature | -8.1°C (17.4°F) | -6.0°C (21.2°F) |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Köppen classification for Fundão?
Fundão is classified as Csa, which denotes a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters.
What is the hottest month in Fundão?
July is typically the hottest month, with mean daily maximums reaching approximately 30.7°C to 31.9°C.
How much rain does Fundão receive annually?
Based on historical data, Fundão receives between 821.5 mm and 842.9 mm of average annual rainfall.
Does it ever freeze in Fundão?
Yes, record low temperatures have reached as low as -8.1°C (17.4°F), indicating that freezing conditions can occur during the winter months.
Which month is the driest?
July is the driest month, with average rainfall recorded as low as 5.7 mm (0.22 inches) in the 1991–2020 normals.