Koongine Cave: An Ancient Archaeological Site in South Australia
Located within the scenic Limestone Coast of South Australia, Koongine Cave serves as a vital window into the prehistoric past. This natural limestone formation provides critical evidence of early human habitation and the environmental conditions of the region thousands of years ago.
Geographic Location and Setting
Koongine Cave is situated in a limestone ridge, positioned approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) from the coastline. Its coordinates are 37°57′39″S 140°32′4.1″E, placing it in a region characterized by its unique karst topography—landscapes formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone.
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Archaeological Significance
The cave is highly valued by researchers due to the significant deposits left behind by its former inhabitants. It was occupied approximately 10,000 years ago for a duration of roughly 1,500 years. During this period, human activity resulted in the accumulation of up to 2 meters (7 feet) of sediments.
These sediment layers are rich in artefacts (objects made or used by humans) and ecofacts (natural objects, such as seeds or animal bones, that provide clues about the environment and diet of the inhabitants).
Cultural Evidence
Beyond the physical debris found in the soil, the cave walls preserve direct evidence of human presence. Finger markings made by Indigenous Australians are visible on the walls, serving as a lasting connection to the people who utilized the cave millennia ago.
Key Facts
- Location: Limestone Coast, South Australia.
- Distance from Coast: Approximately 4 km (2.5 mi).
- Period of Occupation: Roughly 1,500 years, starting about 10,000 years ago.
- Sediment Depth: Up to 2 meters (7 ft) of archaeological deposits.
- Key Findings: Artefacts, ecofacts, and Indigenous finger markings.
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Region | South Australia |
| Geological Setting | Limestone Ridge |
| Estimated Age of Use | ~10,000 years ago |
| Duration of Use | ~1,500 years |
| Max Sediment Thickness | 2 meters |
Frequently Asked Questions
Where is Koongine Cave located?
Koongine Cave is located in the Limestone Coast region of South Australia, situated in a limestone ridge about 4 km from the coast.
When was the cave occupied?
The cave was occupied approximately 10,000 years ago for a period of about 1,500 years.
What archaeological materials were found in the cave?
The cave contains up to 2 meters of sediments rich in artefacts and ecofacts, which help researchers understand ancient human life and the local environment.
What evidence of Indigenous Australians is present at the site?
Finger markings made by Indigenous Australians can be found on the walls of the cave.
What are ecofacts?
Ecofacts are organic or inorganic materials, such as plant remains or animal bones, found at an archaeological site that provide information about the natural environment and the diet of past populations.