Olifantsnek Dam: A Vital Irrigation Hub in South Africa
Located in the North West province of South Africa, the Olifantsnek Dam stands as a significant piece of water infrastructure near the town of Rustenburg. Established in 1929, this facility has spent nearly a century managing the flow of the Hex River to support the region's agricultural needs.
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Key Facts
- Location: Near Rustenburg, North West, South Africa.
- Primary Purpose: Irrigation.
- Dam Type: Arch dam.
- Completion Year: 1929.
- Total Capacity: 14,200,000 cubic metres.
- Hazard Potential: Ranked high (3).
Engineering and Design
The Olifantsnek Dam is an arch dam, a design characterized by a curved structure that transmits the water pressure to the canyon walls (abutments) rather than relying solely on its own weight. This engineering choice allows for a more efficient use of materials while maintaining structural integrity.
The dam wall reaches a height of 30 metres and spans a length of 129 metres. It impounds the Hex River, creating the Olifantsnek Dam Reservoir, which covers a surface area of 272 hectares.
Reservoir and Catchment Details
The reservoir is fed by a substantial catchment area—the region from which rainfall flows into the dam—covering 492 square kilometres. This ensures a steady supply of water to meet its total capacity of 14,200,000 cubic metres (approximately 500,000,000 cubic feet).
Management and Utility
The facility is owned and managed by the Department of Water Affairs. Its primary function is irrigation, providing essential water resources to the surrounding farmland to sustain crop production in the North West province.
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Official Name | Olifantsnek Dam |
| Coordinates | 25°47′03″S 27°15′36″E |
| River Impounded | Hex River |
| Wall Height | 30 m |
| Wall Length | 129 m |
| Surface Area | 272 ha |
| Catchment Area | 492 km² |
Frequently Asked Questions
Where is Olifantsnek Dam located?
The dam is located near Rustenburg in the North West province of South Africa.
What is the primary purpose of the dam?
The Olifantsnek Dam is used mainly for irrigation purposes.
What type of dam structure is it?
It is an arch dam, which uses a curved wall to distribute water pressure to the sides of the valley.
When was the dam established?
The dam was established in 1929.
What is the total water capacity of the reservoir?
The reservoir has a total capacity of 14,200,000 cubic metres.