Principia College: A History of Education and Architecture
Principia College stands as a unique intersection of faith-based values and architectural brilliance. Founded on the principles of Christian Science, the institution has evolved from a small primary school into a recognized college known for its stunning campus and commitment to educational excellence.
The Foundations of Principia
The roots of the college trace back to 1898, when Mary Kimball Morgan founded The Principia. As the school expanded, it received approval from Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of Christian Science, to serve as a Christian Science school. Between 1898 and 1906, the institution grew to include Lower, Middle, and Upper Schools.
Principia College was established to serve the Cause of Christian Science through its role as an educational institution. While the teachings of Christian Science form the basis of community life on campus, the college maintains no official affiliation with the Christian Science Church, and the faith is not taught as a formal academic subject.
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Academic Evolution and Accreditation
The transition to higher education began with the first Upper School graduating class in 1906, leading to the creation of a junior college. This junior college saw its first alumni graduate in 1917 and received formal recognition and accreditation from the University of Missouri in 1916. By 1923, Principia College earned accreditation from the Higher Learning Commission, a regional body that ensures institutional quality.
The Move to Elsah and Architectural Legacy
A pivotal moment in the college's history was the decision to move to Elsah, Illinois. To create a fitting environment for the institution, the college commissioned architect Bernard Maybeck to design a new campus. Ground was broken in 1931 for what would become Maybeck's largest professional commission.
During the transition to Elsah, guests—including Mary Kimball Morgan and Bernard Maybeck—stayed at Eliestoun House. Completed in 1890 and designed by Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow Jr., this historic residence remains on the college grounds.
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The college officially relocated to its current Elsah location between February 28 and March 2, 1935. This move followed the graduation of the first class as a full four-year institution in 1934.
Recognition and Modern Era
The beauty and significance of the campus have not gone unnoticed. The United States Department of the Interior designated approximately 300 acres (120 ha) of the campus as a National Historic Landmark on April 19, 1993. Interestingly, the campus was once considered as a potential site for the United States Air Force Academy before the government ultimately chose Colorado Springs, Colorado.
After celebrating its centennial in 1998, the college has faced the challenges of the 21st century. Due to a decline in the number of Christian Scientists, enrollment numbers have decreased. In response, as of 2024, the school has opened its doors to students with no affiliation with Christian Science.
Key Facts
- Founded: Roots date back to 1898; first junior college alumni graduated in 1917.
- Location: Elsah, Illinois (moved to current site in 1935).
- Architecture: Campus designed by Bernard Maybeck; includes the 1890 Eliestoun House.
- Status: National Historic Landmark (300 acres designated in 1993).
- Accreditation: Accredited by the Higher Learning Commission since 1923.
- Open Enrollment: Began accepting students regardless of Christian Science affiliation in 2024.
| Year | Milestone |
|---|---|
| 1898 | The Principia founded by Mary Kimball Morgan |
| 1906 | First Upper School class graduates |
| 1916 | Junior College accredited by University of Missouri |
| 1923 | Accredited by the Higher Learning Commission |
| 1931 | Ground broken for the Elsah campus |
| 1934 | First class graduates as a four-year institution |
| 1935 | Official move to Elsah, Illinois |
| 1993 | Designated as a National Historic Landmark |
| 2024 | Open enrollment for non-Christian Science students |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Principia College part of the Christian Science Church?
No, the college has no official affiliation with the Christian Science Church, although the teachings of Christian Science serve as the basis for community life on campus.
Is Christian Science taught as a course at the college?
No, Christian Science is not taught as a subject within the academic curriculum.
Who designed the Principia College campus?
The campus was designed by architect Bernard Maybeck, and ground was broken for the project in 1931.
What is the significance of Eliestoun House?
Designed by Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow Jr. and completed in 1890, Eliestoun House provided housing for guests, including the founder and the campus architect, during the move to Elsah.
Can students who are not Christian Scientists attend the college?
Yes, as of 2024, Principia College has begun accepting students who have no affiliation with Christian Science.