Talofofo River Valley Site: A Glimpse into Ancient Guam

Talofofo River Valley Site

Nestled within the lush landscapes of Guam, the Talofofo River Valley Site serves as a vital window into the island's ancient past. Located near the village of Inarajan, this archaeological treasure provides critical evidence of early human settlement and the cultural evolution of the region.

The Geography and Discovery of the Site

The site is situated on the alluvial plain—a flat area of land created by the deposit of sediment over time—of the Talofofo River. Spanning approximately 3.1 acres (1.3 hectares), the area's natural geography made it an ideal location for early inhabitants to establish their communities.

While the site was officially recognized for its historical importance in the mid-1970s, it underwent significant scientific investigation in 1977. During this time, archaeologist Fred Reinman conducted excavations that helped uncover the physical remnants of the people who once called this valley home.

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Archaeological Significance and Features

The Talofofo River Valley Site is distinguished by several key archaeological features that highlight the architectural and social habits of ancient Guam residents.

Latte Stone Sets

One of the most prominent features of the site is the presence of latte stone sets. These are unique megalithic structures consisting of a pillar (haligi) topped by a capstone (tasa), which traditionally served as foundations for houses or other structures in ancient Chamorro culture.

Rockshelters and Early Occupation

In addition to the latte stones, the site contains rockshelters that provided natural cover for early inhabitants. Through the use of radiocarbon dating—a scientific method used to determine the age of organic materials—researchers have determined that human occupation of the area dates back as early as the first century CE.

Key Facts

  • Location: Near Inarajan, Guam, on the Talofofo River alluvial plain.
  • Size: 3.1 acres (1.3 hectares).
  • Earliest Occupation: First century CE.
  • Major Features: Latte stone sets and rockshelters.
  • NRHP Status: Listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 1974.
  • Excavation: Conducted by Fred Reinman in 1977.

Site Summary

Overview of the Talofofo River Valley Site
Detail Information
NRHP Reference Number 74002312
Date Added to NRHP December 27, 1974
Nearest City Inarajan, Guam
Total Area 3.1 acres
Primary Researcher Fred Reinman

Frequently Asked Questions

Where is the Talofofo River Valley Site located?

The site is located near Inarajan on the island of Guam, specifically situated on the alluvial plain of the Talofofo River.

How old is the human occupation at this site?

Based on radiocarbon dating, human occupation of the Talofofo River Valley Site began as early as the first century CE.

What are latte stones?

Latte stones are traditional stone structures found in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, consisting of a pillar and a capstone used as foundations for buildings.

When was the site added to the National Register of Historic Places?

The site was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 1974.

Who excavated the site and when?

The site was excavated by archaeologist Fred Reinman in 1977.

References

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. Federal and state laws and practices restrict general public access to information regarding the specific location of this resource. In some cases, this is to protect archeological sites from vandalism, while in other cases it is restricted at the request of the owner. See: Knoerl, John; Miller, Diane; Shrimpton, Rebecca H. (1990), Guidelines for Restricting Information about Historic and Prehistoric Resources, National Register Bulletin, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, OCLC 20706997.
  3. Dye, Tom; Cleghorn, Paul (1990). "Prehistoric Use of the Interior of Southern Guam". Micronesica (Supplement 2). Retrieved 2015-07-05.