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Al-Ashraf Khalil: The Mamluk Sultan Who Ended the Crusader States Al-Malik al-Ashraf Salah ad-Din Khalil ibn Qalawun was the eighth Turkic Bahri Mamluk sultan, a military caste of freed s...
Read Al-Ashraf Khalil: The Mamluk Sultan Who Ended the Crusader StatesAl-Mansur Qalawun: The Victorious Sultan of the Bahri Mamluks In the annals of medieval Egyptian history, few figures loom as large as al-Mansur Qalawun. A former slave who rose through t...
Read Al-Mansur Qalawun: The Victorious Sultan of the Bahri MamluksMamluk Sultanate: The Rise and Fall of the Slave-Soldier Empire From the mid-13th to the early 16th centuries, the Mamluk Sultanate stood as one of the most formidable powers in the medie...
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