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Ferdinand VII: The Controversial King of Spain Ferdinand VII was a pivotal and polarizing figure in early 19th-century Spanish history. His reign, split into two distinct periods, was mar...
Read Ferdinand VII: The Controversial King of SpainFerdinand VII: The Controversial King of Spain Ferdinand VII was a pivotal and polarizing figure in early 19th-century Spanish history. Known by two starkly different nicknames—el Deseado...
Read Ferdinand VII: The Controversial King of SpainJuntas of the Napoleonic Era: Spain's Patriotic Response to French Invasion During the Napoleonic era, the term junta (Spanish for "committee" or "board") became synonymous with the patri...
Read Juntas of the Napoleonic Era: Spain's Patriotic Response to French InvasionFerdinand VII: The Turbulent Reign of Spain's 'Criminal King' Ferdinand VII was a pivotal and polarizing figure in early 19th-century Spanish history. His tenure as King of Spain was spli...
Read Ferdinand VII: The Turbulent Reign of Spain's 'Criminal King'