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Ferdinand VII: The Controversial King of Spain Ferdinand VII was a pivotal and polarizing figure in early 19th-century Spanish history. His reign, split into two distinct periods, was mar...
Read Ferdinand VII: The Controversial King of SpainFerdinand VII: The Controversial King of Spain Ferdinand VII was a pivotal and polarizing figure in early 19th-century Spanish history. Known by two starkly different nicknames—el Deseado...
Read Ferdinand VII: The Controversial King of SpainRoyalists of the Spanish American Wars of Independence The Royalists (known in Spanish as Realistas) were a diverse coalition of Europeans and Hispanic Americans—including significant num...
Read Royalists of the Spanish American Wars of IndependenceFerdinand VII: The Turbulent Reign of Spain's 'Criminal King' Ferdinand VII was a pivotal and polarizing figure in early 19th-century Spanish history. His tenure as King of Spain was spli...
Read Ferdinand VII: The Turbulent Reign of Spain's 'Criminal King'